Thursday, 12 September 2013

@ Leadership Theories, Theories about Leaders

You may be looking for: 
The Ultimate Leadership Guide

Many leadership theories have been suggested since time immemorial. Early leadership theories focused on the behavior and qualities of successful leaders where as later theories gave more importance to the role of associates and followers. Some of the leadership theories are as follows:

Great Man Theory. 
According to Great Man theory, a leader is born and cannot be made. This theory believed that leaders are people who have inborn exceptional qualities and are destined to lead. Here the term “Man” is used since leadership was considered as a concept that would be primarily dominated by males. Great leaders would arise only when there is an urgent need of it. It also suggests that leadership qualities are inherent.


Trait Theory. 
According to Trait theory, few people are born with qualities that are suited to leaderships. People who transform into good leaders posses right combination of leadership qualities. Through this approach, people with such leadership qualities could be separated and then people with such qualities could be recruited or selected into leadership positions. This approach was commonly used in military and is even today used to recruit candidates for commission.


Self Investment Theory.
From visiting organisations, I’ve found that the happiest employees and managers regularly invest in themselves and their personal leadership training. People have often sought out useful leadership books and learning material that will help them along the path to happiness and leadership. Leaders invest in their own development either through leadership training 
or leadership coaching.


Contingency Theory. 
This leadership theory focuses on variables that are related to environment and that would determine which style of leadership is suitable for a particular situation. It says that it is impossible to determine which leadership style will suit best for any situation. Success depends on qualities of followers and other variables.

Situational Theories. 
This theory suggests that on the basis of situational variable, leaders should choose the course of action. Diverse styles of leadership will me more suitable to make certain types of decisions

Behavioral Theories
This leadership theory believes that great leaders are not born but are made. The prime focus of this theory is on actions of leaders. The focus is not on internal states or mental qualities. This theory believes that people can become leaders through the process of teaching, learning and observation.


Participative Theory. 
This theory defines ideal leadership style. An ideal leadership style takes into consideration the input of its associates. Such leaders encourage contribution and participation from group members. The leader also has the right to say no to any suggestion of other team member.


Management Theories. 
This collection of leadership theories gives more importance to the role of organization, supervision and most importantly the group performance. This theory is based on the system of punishment and reward. Managerial theory is often used in many companies. When employee’s performance is very good, he or she is given a reward. If the employee’s performance decreases below a certain level, he or she is punished.


Relationship Theory. 
This theory also called Transformational theory focuses on the connections that are formed between followers and leaders. These leaders inspire and motivate people. They also help group members in case of any difficulty. Such leaders focus on performance of of members of group. These leaders have high moral values.


Path Goal Theory. 
This theory focuses on what leaders should do to motivate and inspire people so that the employees can perform well.

@There are 5 BIG reasons why leadership and management is failing in many organisations right now

I call them the five harbingers of doom.

Your about to discover exactly what the 5 harbingers of doom are – although you've probably seen some of them in action and you are seeing evidence of their handy work day-in and day out – if not in your company then in many you interact with.

The five harbingers of doom lead to:

  • Low staff morale
  • Reduced productivity
  • Poor customer experience/rising complaints
  • Lost sales opportunities and revenue streams
  • The best staff leaving…

The monster which has plagued both household names, global organisations, long standing local family businesses and one in three start-up businesses in the UK (3 in 4 in the USA!) – LEADERSHIP. 

The five harbingers of doom which feed the monster are:

  1. The autocratic leader
  2. Leadership teams who don’t listen to their people
  3. Transactional as opposed to transformational leaders
  4. Corporate bullies
  5. Leaders who don’t do as they say and fail to deliver on their promises

Ring any bells?
If you've worked in any of these organisations I’m sure you will agree:

Clinton Cards; Kodak; Enron; DeLorean; Pan Am; Woolworths; Royal Bank of Scotland to name but a few. There are tens of thousands of smaller businesses and organisations that have faced the same fate. 

Are you working in such a company right now?
If so, its time to break out from the norm.


The change you want to see in your organisation begins with you.

You can change the environment, the atmosphere and the culture. Yes, I know it sounds incredible – it might even sound ridiculous for someone who feels entrenched in an organisation which seems hell bent on self destruction, where staff morale is at its lowest ever.
So whats the secret?

The secret to making the changes needed to turn your company into an:
Iceland; Pets at Home; PWC; UKRD; Admiral Group; or a Shine Communications (source: The Sunday Times Top 100 Companies to work for 2012).

What you must do is focus on the following five long term traits and turn them into daily habits and actions:

Become a leader who constantly seeks to develop and fine tuning your skills, using self development tools and practicing a wide repertoire of leadership, management, coaching and mentoring styles at every opportunity.

Become a leader who is open to and constantly seeking feedback from the people you interact with. This includes your boss/senior stakeholders, your immediate leadership team, staff you interact with, suppliers, partners and customers. Using 360 degree feedback in this way will helps you to …Self reflect. 

Leaders who invest time in reflecting and considering the impact of their actions, who are open to admitting their mistakes along the way and showing some humility, always win the respect of the people they work with.

Be a Leader who takes the view that your staff don’t work for you – you work for them. Acknowledging that you can only ever be as good as your team. ..

Nurture and develop your people, acknowledging their talents, inspiring and leading from the front. People respect this kind of leader and will follow them anywhere.  This kind of leader no longer has a ‘morale’ issue, because people love working for him/her.

So, here’s the first step you must take, right from now. From this very moment. I strongly encourage you to create time to begin at STEP 1 – self development.

This issue is so important to leadership and management in the current global climate that I spent over 2 years traveling the world and seeking out the best leadership and management tools to help you to become an accomplished and authentic leader. In that time I had the pleasure of meeting the late, great Dr Stephen Covey, Jinny Ditzler, Andy Lopata, the team at Charterhouse, Profiles International and many other influential people engaged in thought, study and publication on Leadership and Management today.

Combining all their experience, talents, success and I have produced the following leadership toolkit. This is one of the most powerful self-development leadership programmes on the market. This is an exclusive offer specifically to help readers of Leadership-Expert.co.uk. The beauty of it is…
It doesn’t cost thousands of pounds. It doesn't mean your company has to commit to sending you off on a 6 week course to learn everything there is to know about successful leadership. This is something you can do for yourself – no-one at work has to know. This is your gift to yourself to enable you to become 100% more effective as a leader in your workplace, whatever your current role.

@ Attention to Detail

Oh, the life of a manager. You need to give your team space, but you have to make sure they are delivering the task or project on time and under budget, which means you need to pay close attention to details. But what if being ‘detail-oriented’ negatively affects your management style?

For example, say you make it a habit to immerse yourself in overseeing a project, and you resist delegating to others, because you want to control the fine points of a project.

I hate to break it to you, but that is called ‘micromanaging’, and those kinds of managers are not the ones that engage their team. Micromanagers are overly involved in the details of projects and are too controlling of those who should be attending to the details. Think about it, if the boss is going to control every detail, why should the employees even bother with it?

In addition, paying too close attention to certain details can cause unnecessary second-guessing, along with potential redundant work and a resultant inefficient workforce.

On the flip side, if you’re scared of becoming a micro manager, and take a ‘hands-of’ approach to your team, you might miss important, fail to deliver within set deadlines, and be perceived as being too distant from the details.

This is where you need to understand the fine line between monitoring the details and telling people how to do each task.
Efficient managers monitor performance without being too controlling of the details of how the work is accomplished. Learn how to balance the control of details with worker expertise, clarity of work goals, and frequent performance-based feedback.
Here are some tips from our team at Leadership Expert:
When you establish yearly goals with your employees, ask them the level of involvement they want from you. Ask what you can do to be most helpful. Then follow through with their request whenever possible.

When determining the amount of latitude to give to an employee, consider his or her experience and motivation. For example, give more latitude to a person who is highly skilled and motivated in a particular area. Conversely, individuals learning a new skill will likely benefit from closer guidance.
Let your staff go forward with their ideas unless you have a major problem with their plans. Keep in mind that learning from mistakes is one of the most effective and common ways for people to develop.

Learn the difference between holding people accountable and micromanaging. Focus on results, not on whether they are achieved in exactly the same way you would achieve them.
Don’t micromanage, even new people. Instead, train people, break work down intomanageable steps that they can handle successfully, and establish checkpoints. Now it’s your turn. How do you balance the fine line between paying attention to details and micromanaging? Pay Attention to Details – But Don’t Micro Manage!
In General Powell’s Terms “Vigilance in Detail”

Many people in leadership roles, especially those in a high-level leadership position, want to be the ‘visionary’ and leave the details to others.  After all visionary is exciting and rewarding, bringing praise and complimentary feedback.  If the leader leaves the details to subordinates, the result is often failure.  How many leaders protect their self with, “they just won’t implement my plans”.  Such attitude and blame-game antics Is not leadership.

 Like so many of the issues related to effective leadership, attention to detail is a balancing act.  The leader MUST be involved or at least aware of the details of any new initiative, program or project.  To do less is to invite a high probability of failure.

The leader removed from the activity of the organization is caught by total surprise of any undesirable situation.  No surprise must always be the goal.  No Surprise is more likely to be achieved when the leader is involved.  We have all heard the question put to top level leaders about their role.  “Are you committed to quality”? Or “Are you committed to this new training program”?  Or some related question.  My position has always been that the leader can only answer in the affirmative.  The problem is not the answer; the problem is this is the wrong question.  The question should always be “Are you involved in…” whatever the issue is.

Leaders that are not involved lack ownership, they also lack awareness and how, when or where their intervention is needed.

Subordinates are often reluctant to take issues to the boss. 
This brings about a breakdown in communication and the leader is often the last to know when things are not going as expected.

Often when these types of culture exist, by the time the leader finds out that something is wrong it may be too late to make the needed corrections, or the corrections may be very expensive at this point.

These are quotes from Oren Harari’s leadership success book
Early in my career I worked for a superintendent that was totally involved in the operation of his area of responsibility.  Mike, did not micro manage anyone, but he was thoroughly involved in every aspect of his area of responsibility.  On a daily basis, he would tour his department talking to many operators, supervisors, engineers, inspectors, material handlers, etc.  He was always casual but at the same time supportive.  His questions were always around the topic. 

1) What do you need?
2) How can we make this operation better?
3) What would you change?
4) What could we do better?

Asking these type questions allowed Mike to gather first hand information about the “TRUE” condition of his area of responsibility.  

People learned early and quickly that when you told Mike a better way or what you needed to get the job done.  He paid attention, things changed, tools were provided, and equipment was repaired and/or modified.  Innovation was the tool improvement was the goal!  At the same time, Mike held everyone responsible for his or her job.  Whether it was machine operators, supervisors, engineers, etc., Mike knew their job, their responsibility, their requirements, their deliverables and he expected them to perform.
It is noted again that attention to detail is not micro management, over controlling or second-guessing nor is it an excuse for ‘analysis-paralysis’.  The leader must take care to strike the proper balance and become involved, at the same time giving subordinates the tools, support and guidance needed to get their work done. 

Attention to detail is often grueling un-glamorous work that brings the proper level of understanding to the leader.
The effective leader not only pays attention to detail but develops an environment that allows or causes others to also pay attention to detail.


About two decades ago I was assigned as a quality resource for a large organization.  To say this organization was having quality problems was not merely an understatement it would have been an under simplification of the magnitude of their problems.  While there were many initiatives taken by people in multiple roles.  One of the steps I took was to begin to provide quality information to the right people at the right time.  

To accomplish this I created a report that detailed the source (causing individual) of incorrect builds that occurred on the previous shift.  This information went to the department head, the line supervisor, the team leader and was communicated to the individual.  I will not say it was particularly easy to get this process set up, but once it was in place the rate of improvement was astounding.  The timely quality information gave the proper leaders and operators the detail information they needed to understand what had happen, why it had happened and how it was corrected.  

As this process of communication of detailed information grew and strengthened it was no longer possible for anyone in the organization to ‘resort to finger-pointing’ as a defense, blaming some other person, shift or team, now we had the proper detail in the proper hands at the proper time.  The result was a rate of improvement that I have not seen repeated since.  All I did was provide the information.  I did not provide the method of correction, improvement or change.  Once the proper people had the proper information, the proper outcome was inevitable.


Balance – Balance – Balance
“The leader must find the proper center of gravity between; 
detail, 
big picture, 
analysis 
and 
delegation.”




The balance can be found by paying attention to what is happening.  If you (leader) are not seeing proper rate of implementation or improvement you can be ensure your level of detail involvement is insufficient.  

As you make this self-analysis pay attention to the demeanor of your organization, are you frustrating them with micro-management or analysis-paralysis?  

Are you allowing subordinates and peers to 
‘carry-their-own-weight’, 
people want to do a good job, 
people want to feel they are value added.  

If the leader carries all the burden the subordinates won’t have ownership or involvement, thus they will not contribute to their maximum capability.


Powell Principles (by Oren Harari) 

Master the details before and during the launch of a major project or campaign.

Use your mastery of details for great decisions and great execution.

Stay in touch with the “little” things.

Avoid “analysis paralysis”


Remember that discipline in details is discipline in strategy.



Ref: http://www.leadership-expert.co.uk/attention-to-detail/